Phpcms 2008/linux环境搭建

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系统约定[ ]

  • 软件源代码包存放位置:/usr/local/src
  • 源码包编译安装位置(prefix):/usr/local/software_name
  • 脚本以及维护程序存放位置:/usr/local/sbin
  • MySQL 数据库位置:/var/lib/mysql(可按情况设置)
  • Apache 网站根目录:/home/www/wwwroot(可按情况设置)
  • Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录:/home/www/logs(可按情况设置)
  • Apache 运行账户:www:www

系统环境部署及调整[ ]

检查系统是否正常[ ]

# more /var/log/messages(检查有无系统级错误信息)
# dmesg(检查硬件设备是否有错误信息)
# ifconfig(检查网卡设置是否正确)
# ping www.163.com(检查网络是否正常) 

关闭不需要的服务[ ]

# ntsysv

以下仅列出需要启动的服务,未列出的服务一律推荐关闭:

  • atd
  • crond
  • irqbalance
  • microcode_ctl
  • network
  • sendmail
  • sshd
  • syslog

重新启动系统[ ]

# init 6

配置vim[ ]

# vi /root/.bashrc

在 alias mv='mv -i' 下面添加一行:alias vi='vim' 保存退出。

# echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc

使用yum程序安装所需开发包(以下为标准的 RPM 包名称)[ ]

  1. yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel
libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel

定时校正服务器时钟,定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步[ ]

# crontab -e 加入一行: */30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44

源码编译安装所需包 (Source)[ ]

(1) GD2

# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.34
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install

(2) LibXML2

# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.bz2
# cd libxml2-2.6.30
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install

(3) LibMcrypt

# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install

(4) Apache日志截断程序

# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf cronolog-1.7.0-beta.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.7.0-beta
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install

升级OpenSSL和OpenSSH[ ]

# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8e
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd .. 
# tar xzvf openssh-4.7p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-4.7p1
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr" \
"--with-pam" \
"--with-zlib" \
"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" \
"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-md5-passwords"
# make
# make install

(1)禁用 SSH V1 协议 找到:

#Protocol 2,1

改为:

Protocol 2

(2)禁止root直接登录

此处先建立一个普通系统用户:

# useradd username
# passwd username

找到:

#PermitRootLogin yes

改为:

PermitRootLogin no

(3)禁用服务器端GSSAPI

找到以下两行,并将它们注释:

GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes

(4)禁用 DNS 名称解析

找到:

#UseDNS yes

改为:

UseDNS no

(5)禁用客户端 GSSAPI

# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config

找到:

GSSAPIAuthentication yes

将这行注释掉。

最后,确认修改正确后重新启动 SSH 服务

# service sshd restart
# ssh -v

确认 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正确。

编译安装L.A.M.P环境[ ]

下载软件[ ]

# cd /usr/local/src
httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2
mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
php-5.2.4.tar.bz2
ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz

安装MySQL[ ]

# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
# mv mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/
# ln -s /usr/local/ mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql
# useradd mysql
# chown -R mysql:root /usr/local/mysql/
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chown root:root /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig --level 3 5 mysqld on
# cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# mv /usr/local/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/
# vi /etc/my.cnf 

修改以下内容:

(1) 在 [mysql] 段增加一行:

default-character-set = gbk | latin1 | utf8 | big5

(2) 在 [mysqld] 段增加或修改:

datadir = /var/lib/mysql
--skip-innodb
default-character-set = gbk | latin1 | utf8 | big5
--wait-timeout = 3 | 5 | 10
max_connections = 256 | 384 | 512
max_connect_errors = 10000000
thread_concurrency = CPU个数×2

将 log-bin 注释

# bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password_for_root'

编译安装Apache[ ]

# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.6
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \
"--enable-deflate=shared" \
"--enable-expires=shared" \
"--enable-rewrite=shared" \
"--enable-static-support" \
"--disable-userdir"
# make
# make install
# echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local

编译安装PHP[ ]

# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.4.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.4
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-bz2" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-iconv-dir" \
"--with-zlib-dir " \
"--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \
"--enable-soap" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-exif" \
"--disable-ipv6" \
"--disable-cgi" \
"--disable-cli"
# make
# make install
# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

整合Apache与PHP[ ]

# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

找到:

AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

在该行下面添加

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

找到:

<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

将该行改为

<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
</IfModule>

找到:

#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

去掉前面的“#”号,取消注释。

注意:以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置! 修改完成后保存退出。

# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升PHP安全性[ ]

在网站根目录放置 phpinfo.php脚本,检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。

确认 PHP 能够正常工作后,在 php.ini 中进行设置提升 PHP 安全性。

# vi /etc/php.ini

找到:

disable_functions =

设置为:

phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,
proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,
readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server

服务器安全性设置[ ]

设置系统防火墙:

# vi /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh

将以下脚本命令粘贴到 fw.sh 文件中。

#!/bin/bash
# Stop iptables service first
service iptables stop
# Load FTP Kernel modules
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
# Inital chains default policy
/sbin/iptables -F -t filter
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Enable Native Network Transfer
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# Accept Established Connections
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# ICMP Control
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT
# WWW Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# FTP Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# SSH Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
# echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh

参考来源[ ]

http://www.phpcms.cn/html/2009/rumen_0324/77.html

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