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编辑“
WordPress:Roles and Capabilities
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2008年6月2日 (一) 13:56的版本
(新页面: The WordPress [[WordPress:#Roles|Roles]] feature is designed to give the
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The WordPress [[WordPress:#Roles|Roles]] feature is designed to give the [[WordPress:Glossary#Blog|blog]] owner the ability to control and assign what users can and cannot do in the blog. A blog owner must manage and allow access to such functions as [[WordPress:Writing_Posts|writing and editing Posts]], [[WordPress:Pages|creating Pages]], [[WordPress:Links Manager|defining Links]], [[WordPress:Manage_Categories_SubPanel|creating Categories]], [[WordPress:Comment Moderation|moderating Comments]], [[WordPress:Managing_Plugins|managing Plugins]], [[WordPress:Themes|managing Themes]], and [[WordPress:Authors_and_Users_SubPanel|managing other users]]. The tool that gives the blog owner that control is the ability to assign a [[WordPress:#Roles|Role]] to a user. ==WordPress Version 2.0== WordPress Version 2.0 introduces the concept of [[WordPress:#Roles|Roles]]. The WordPress distribution comes delivered 'standard' with five pre-defined [[WordPress:#Roles|Roles]]: [[WordPress:#Administrator|Administrator]], [[WordPress:#Editor|Editor]], [[WordPress:#Author|Author]], [[WordPress:#Contributor|Contributor]], and [[WordPress:#Subscriber|Subscriber]]. Each [[WordPress:#Roles|Role]] is allowed to perform a set of tasks called [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]]. There are thirty [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]] including [[WordPress:#publish_posts|publish_posts]], [[WordPress:#moderate_comments|moderate_comments]], and [[WordPress:#edit_users|edit_users]]. The [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]] are pre-assigned to each [[WordPress:#Roles|Role]]. The [[WordPress:#Administrator|Administrator Role]] is allowed to perform all possible [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]]. Each of the other Roles has a decreasing number of allowed [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]]. For instance, the [[WordPress:#Subscriber|Subscriber Role]] is allowed just the [[WordPress:#read|read]] and [[WordPress:#level_0|level_0]] [[WordPress:Glossary#Capabilities|Capabilities]]. One particular Role should not be considered to be 'senior to' another Role. Rather, consider that Roles define the user's responsibilities within the blog. Plugin developers will likely revise the 'standard' [[WordPress:#Roles|Roles]] and [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]] because [[WordPress:Copyright Holders|WordPress Developers]] left open the ''future possibility'' of assigning a user to one or more [[WordPress:#Roles|Roles]], or assigning [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]] directly to a User. Since Plugins might change [[WordPress:#Roles|Roles]] and [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]], just the 'standard' [[WordPress:#Roles|Roles]] and [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]] are addressed in this article. ==Super Powers for Blog Owner== The person with the '''most important Role''' is that of blog owner. Typically, the blog owner is the person responsibile for maintaining and [[WordPress:Backing_Up_Your_Database|backing]] up the WordPress [[WordPress:Glossary#MySQL|MySQL]] [[WordPress:Database_Description|database]] as well as managing the WordPress repository of files (programs, scripts, plugins, themes, images, uploads). Ultimately, the smooth operation of a blog depends on the blog owner fulfilling this 'ultimate role'. Note: The blog owner, in many cases, also acts the [[WordPress:#Roles|Role]] of [[WordPress:#Administrator|Administrator]] but may choose to assign other users the [[WordPress:#Administrator|Administrator Role]]. ==Summary of Roles== * Administrator - Somebody who has access to all the administration features * Editor - Somebody who can publish posts, manage posts as well as manage other people's posts, etc. * Author - Somebody who can publish and manage their own posts * Contributor - Somebody who can write and manage their posts but not publish posts * Subscriber - Somebody who can read comments/comment/receive news letters, etc. ==Roles== The identity a particular user assumes in a blog is called their Role. A Role essentially describes the set of tasks, called [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]], a person is allowed to perform. For instance, the role of [[WordPress:#Administrator|Administrator]] encompasses every possible [[WordPress:#Capabilities|task]] that can be performed within a WordPress blog. On the other hand, the [[WordPress:#Author|Author Role]] allows the execution of just a small sub-set of [[WordPress:#Capabilities|Capabilities]]. WordPress 2.0 simplifies the [[WordPress:User_Levels|User Level approach]] of WordPress 1.5 by rolling up adjacent levels with similar permissions into logical, named roles. For example, Level 0 is now assigned to the Subscriber Role, while Levels 5 and 6 together make up the Editor role. ===Administrator=== Role Name: '''Administrator''' =====Capabilities:===== :*[[WordPress:#switch_themes|switch_themes]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_themes|edit_themes]] :*[[WordPress:#activate_plugins| activate_plugins]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_plugins| edit_plugins]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_users|edit_users]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_files|edit_files]] :*[[WordPress:#manage_options|manage_options]] :*[[WordPress:#moderate_comments|moderate_comments]] :*[[WordPress:#manage_categories|manage_categories]] :*[[WordPress:#manage_links|manage_links]] :*[[WordPress:#upload_files|upload_files]] :*[[WordPress:#import|import]] :*[[WordPress:#unfiltered_html| unfiltered_html]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_posts| edit_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_others_posts| edit_others_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_published_posts| edit_published_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#publish_posts| publish_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_pages| edit_pages]] :*[[WordPress:#read| read]] :*[[WordPress:#level_10|level_10]] :*[[WordPress:#level_9| level_9]] :*[[WordPress:#level_8| level_8]] :*[[WordPress:#level_7| level_7]] :*[[WordPress:#level_6| level_6]] :*[[WordPress:#level_5| level_5]] :*[[WordPress:#level_4| level_4]] :*[[WordPress:#level_3| level_3]] :*[[WordPress:#level_2| level_2]] :*[[WordPress:#level_1| level_1]] :*[[WordPress:#level_0| level_0]] ===Editor=== Role Name: '''Editor''' =====Capabilities:===== :*[[WordPress:#moderate_comments| moderate_comments]] :*[[WordPress:#manage_categories| manage_categories]] :*[[WordPress:#manage_links| manage_links]] :*[[WordPress:#upload_files| upload_files]] :*[[WordPress:#unfiltered_html| unfiltered_html]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_posts| edit_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_others_posts| edit_others_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_published_posts| edit_published_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#publish_posts| publish_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_pages| edit_pages]] :*[[WordPress:#read|read]] :*[[WordPress:#level_7| level_7]] :*[[WordPress:#level_6| level_6]] :*[[WordPress:#level_5| level_5]] :*[[WordPress:#level_4| level_4]] :*[[WordPress:#level_3| level_3]] :*[[WordPress:#level_2| level_2]] :*[[WordPress:#level_1| level_1]] :*[[WordPress:#level_0| level_0]] ===Author=== Role Name: '''Author''' =====Capabilities:===== :*[[WordPress:#upload_files|upload_files]] :*[[WordPress:#edit_posts|edit_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#publish_posts|publish_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#read|read]] :*[[WordPress:#level_2| level_2]] :*[[WordPress:#level_1| level_1]] :*[[WordPress:#level_0| level_0]] ===Contributor=== Role Name '''Contributor''' =====Capabilities:===== :*[[WordPress:#edit_posts|edit_posts]] :*[[WordPress:#read|read]] :*[[WordPress:#level_1| level_1]] :*[[WordPress:#level_0| level_0]] ===Subscriber=== Role Name: '''Subscriber''' =====Capabilities:===== :*[[WordPress:#read|read]] :*[[WordPress:#level_0|level_0]] ===Capability vs. Role Table=== {| {{Prettytable}} ! Capability!!admin!!editor!!author!!contributor!!subscriber |- |switch_themes||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |edit_themes||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |activate_plugins||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |edit_plugins||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |edit_users||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |edit_files||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |manage_options||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |import||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |moderate_comments||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |manage_categories||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |manage_links||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |unfiltered_html||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |edit_published_posts||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |edit_others_posts||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |edit_pages||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |upload_files||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||| |- |publish_posts||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||| |- |edit_posts||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| || |- |read||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |- |colspan=6 | |- |level_10||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |level_9||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |level_8||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||||| |- |level_7||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |level_6||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |level_5||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |level_4||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |level_3||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||||| |- |level_2||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |||| |- |level_1||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| || |- |level_0||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| ||bgcolor="#ABCDEF"| |} ==Capabilities== ===switch_themes=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Presentation *Presentation->Themes ===edit_themes=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Presentation->Theme Editor *Presentation->Current Theme Options ===activate_plugins=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *[[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Plugins_-_Add_Functionality_to_your_Blog|Plugins]] *[[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Plugins_-_Add_Functionality_to_your_Blog|Plugins]] > [[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Plugins|Plugins]] ===edit_plugins=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *[[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Plugins_-_Add_Functionality_to_your_Blog|Plugins]] > [[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Plugin_Editor|Plugin Editor]] ===edit_users=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *[[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Users_-_Your_Blogging_Family|Users]] *[[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Users_-_Your_Blogging_Family|Users]] > [[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Authors_.26_Users|Authors & Users]] ===edit_files=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *[[WordPress:Administration_Panels#Manage_-_Change_your_content|Manage]] -> Files ===manage_options=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Options->General *Options->Writing *Options->Reading *Options->Discussion *Options->Permalinks *Options->Miscellaneous ===moderate_comments=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: * Question: This is blank. I guess the User can accept and deny (= delete) a comment in moderation. Can he also delete other comments? [[WordPress:User:Tordans|Tordans]] 17:56, 8 Apr 2006 (GMT) ===manage_categories=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Manage->Categories ===manage_links=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Links *Links->Manage Links *Links->Add Link *Links->Link Categories *Links->Import Links ===upload_files=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Upload ===import=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Import ===unfiltered_html=== Allows - if enabled - the user to post HTML markup or even Javascript code in posts, pages or comments. '''Note:''' Enabling this option for non-privileged users may result in their posting malicious code to your blog. ===edit_posts=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Write *Manage *Write->Write Post *Manage->Posts *Manage->Comments -- ''meaning: "show post"-link; "edit post"-, "edit comment"- and "delete comment"-links only on own posts since [http://trac.wordpress.org/file/trunk/wp-admin/edit-comments.php edit-comment.php] looks for ''"current_user_can('edit_post', $comment->comment_post_ID)"'''' *Manage->Awaiting Moderation -- ''I think contributor can only see the menuitem since the capability "moderate_comments" is needed to view the comment-list ([http://trac.wordpress.org/file/trunk/wp-admin/moderation.php see moderate.php]). So you even cannot see your own posts comments in the moderation-list?!'' ===edit_others_posts=== * Manage->Comments -- ''you can delete and edit every comment now (see edit_posts above)'' * you can see other users images in inline-uploading [can't you? see [http://trac.wordpress.org/file/trunk/wp-admin/inline-uploading.php inline-uploading.php]] * gives you edit-access to others posts through function get_others_drafts() ===edit_published_posts=== If an own post is published you need this capability to edit this post. The core checks the capability '''edit_posts''' but on demand this ceck is changed to '''edit_published_posts'''.<br /> If you don't want what a user can edit his published posts, remove this capability. ''(see also [http://www.im-web-gefunden.de/wordpress-plugins/role-manager/#comment-5602 this comment] on the [http://www.im-web-gefunden.de/wordpress-plugins/role-manager/ Role Manager Plugin Homepage]).'' ===publish_posts=== User can * see and choose the radiobox "publish" when writing a post * see and use the "publish"-button below their post ''(otherwise they can only save drafts)'' * can use xmlrpc to publish ''(otherwise they get a "Sorry, you can not post on this weblog or category.")'' ===edit_pages=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Write->Write Page -- ''gives acces to "page-new.php"'' *Manage->Pages -- ''all users can view "/wp-admin/edit-pages.php" but only those here do see the link 'edit' and 'delete' in the table-list.'' ''As far as I see all editors can edit each others' pages.'' [[WordPress:[User:Scoop0901|Dave J. (Scoop0901)]] 16:38, 30 Jan 2007 (UTC) fixed typo] ===read=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: * Dashboard * Your Profile ''Used nowhere in the core-code except the menu.php'' ===level_10=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_9=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_8=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_7=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_6=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_5=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_4=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_3=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_2=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_1=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ===level_0=== Allows access to [[WordPress:Administration_Panels|Administration Panel]] options: *Maintained for backward compatibility for Plugins ==User Level to Role Conversion== *User Level 0 converts to [[WordPress:#Subscriber|Subscriber Role]] *User Level 1 converts to [[WordPress:#Contributor|Contributor Role]] *User Level 2 converts to [[WordPress:#Author|Author Role]] *User Level 3 converts to [[WordPress:#Author|Author Role]] *User Level 4 converts to [[WordPress:#Author|Author Role]] *User Level 5 converts to [[WordPress:#Editor|Editor Role]] *User Level 6 converts to [[WordPress:#Editor|Editor Role]] *User Level 7 converts to [[WordPress:#Editor|Editor Role]] *User Level 8 converts to [[WordPress:#Administrator|Administrator Role]] *User Level 9 converts to [[WordPress:#Administrator|Administrator Role]] *User Level 10 converts to [[WordPress:#Administrator|Administrator Role]] ==Role to User Level Conversion== ===Subscriber Role=== User Level 0 ===Contributor Role=== User Level 1 ===Author Role=== User Levels 2, 3, and 4 ===Editor Role=== User Levels 5, 6, and 7 ===Administrator Role=== User Level 8, 9, and 10 ==Resources== * [http://www.im-web-gefunden.de/wordpress-plugins/role-manager/ Role Manager Plugin for WordPress] (for WordPress version 2.0 and higher) * [http://asymptomatic.net/2005/12/31/2189/role-manager-plugin/ Owen Winkler's Role Manager Plugin] (for WordPress 2.0.x only) * [http://boren.nu/archives/2005/12/01/whats-new-in-20-roles-and-capabilities/ Ryan Boren's What's New in 2.0: Roles and Capabilities] * [http://asymptomatic.net/2005/07/11/1747/permission-change-overview-in-16/ Owen Winkler's Permission Change Overview] * [http://comox.textdrive.com/pipermail/wp-hackers/2005-July/001707.html Hackers email list Original User Capability discussion]
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