WordPress:Template Tags/wp list pages

Description

The Template Tag, wp_list_pages(), displays a list of WordPress WordPress:Pages as links. It is often used to customize the Sidebar or Header, but may be used in other WordPress:Templates as well.

This Template Tag is available for WordPress versions 1.5 and newer.

Usage

%%% <?php wp_list_pages('arguments'); ?> %%%

Examples

Default Usage

$defaults = array(
    'depth'       => 0, 
    'show_date'   => '',
    'date_format' => get_option('date_format'),
    'child_of'    => 0, 
    'exclude'     => '',
    'title_li'    => __('Pages'), 
    'echo'        => 1,
    'authors'     => '',
    'sort_column' => 'menu_order, post_title');

By default, the usage shows:

All Pages and sub-pages are displayed (no depth restriction)
Date created is not displayed
Is not restricted to the child_of any Page
No pages are excluded
The title of the pages listed is "Pages"
Results are echoed (displayed)
Is not restricted to any specific author
Sorted by Page Order then Page Title.
Sorted in ascending order (not shown in defaults above)
Pages displayed in a hierarchical indented fashion (not shown in defaults above)
Includes all Pages (not shown in defaults above)
Not restricted to Pages with specific meta key/meta value (not shown in defaults above)

wp_list_pages();

Hiding or Changing the List Heading

The default heading of the list ("Pages") of Pages generated by wp_list_pages can be hidden by passing a null or empty value to the title_li parameter. The following example displays no heading text above the list.

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('title_li='); ?> </ul>

In the following example, only Pages with IDs 9, 5, and 23 are included in the list and the heading text has been changed to the word "Poetry", with a heading style of <h2>:

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('include=5,9,23&title_li=<h2>' . __('Poetry') . '</h2>' ); ?> </ul>

List Pages by Page Order

The following example lists the Pages in the order defined by the Page Order settings for each Page in the Write > Page administrative panel.

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('sort_column=menu_order'); ?> </ul>

If you wanted to sort the list by Page Order and display the word "Prose" as the list heading (in h2 style) on a Sidebar, you could add the following code to the sidebar.php file:

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('sort_column=menu_order&title_li=<h2>' . __('Prose') . '</h2>' ); ?> </ul>

Using the following piece of code, the Pages will display without heading and in Page Order:

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('sort_column=menu_order&title_li='); ?> </ul>

Sort Pages by Post Date

This example displays Pages sorted by (creation) date, and shows the date next to each Page list item.

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('sort_column=post_date&show_date=created'); ?> </ul>

Exclude Pages from List

Use the exclude parameter hide certain Pages from the list to be generated by wp_list_pages.

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('exclude=17,38' ); ?> </ul>

Include Pages in List

To include only certain Pages in the list, for instance, Pages with ID numbers 35, 7, 26 and 13, use the include parameter.

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('include=7,13,26,35&title_li=<h2>' . __('Pages') . '</h2>' ); ?> </ul>

List Sub-Pages (versions prior to Wordpress 2.0.1)

Put this inside the the_post() section of the page.php template of your WordPress theme after the_content(), or put it in a copy of the page.php template that you use for pages that have sub-pages:

<ul> <?php global $id; // teensy bit insane, sorry $date_format = '<\b\r /><\s\p\a\n '. '\s\t\y\l\e="\f\o\n\t-\s\i\z\e: \s\m\a\l\l\e\r">'. '\l\a\s\t\m\o\d Y-n-j</\s\p\a\n>'; wp_list_pages("title_li=&child_of=$id&show_date=modified &date_format=$date_format"); ?> </ul>

NOTE: This example does not work with Wordpress 2.0.1 or newer if placed in a page template because the global $id is not set. Use the following code

List Sub-Pages (Wordpress 2.0.1 or newer)

NOTE: Requires an HTML tag (either <ul> or <ol>) even if there are no subpages. Keep this in mind if you are using css to style the list.

<ul> <?php wp_list_pages('title_li=&child_of='.$post->ID.'&show_date=modified &date_format=$date_format'); ?> </ul>

The following example will generate a list only if there are child (Pages that designate the current page as a Parent) for the current Page:

<?php $children = wp_list_pages('title_li=&child_of='.$post->ID.'&echo=0'); if ($children) { ?> <ul> <?php echo $children; ?> </ul> <?php } ?>

List subpages even if on a subpage

The above examples will only show the children from the parent page, but not when actually on a child page. This code will show the child pages, and only the child pages, when on a parent or on one of the children.

- warning ** This code will not work if placed after a widget block in the sidebar.

<?php if($post->post_parent) $children = wp_list_pages("title_li=&child_of=".$post->post_parent."&echo=0"); else $children = wp_list_pages("title_li=&child_of=".$post->ID."&echo=0"); if ($children) { ?> <ul> <?php echo $children; ?> </ul> <?php } ?>

Markup and styling of page items

By default, wp_list_pages() generates a nested, unordered list of WordPress WordPress:Pages created with the Write > Page admin panel. You can remove the outermost item (li.pagenav) and list (ul) by setting the title_li parameter to an empty string.

All list items (li) generated by wp_list_pages() are marked with the class page_item. When wp_list_pages() is called while displaying a Page, the list item for that Page is given the additional class current_page_item.

<li class="pagenav">
  Pages
  <ul>
    <li class="page_item current_page_parent">
      [parent of the current page]
      <ul>
        <li class="page_item current_page_item">
          [the current page]
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li class="page_item">
      [another page]
    </li>
  </ul>
</li>

They can be styled with CSS selectors:

 .pagenav { ... }
 .page_item { ... }
 .current_page_item { ... }
 .current_page_parent { ... }

Parameters

sort_column (string): Sorts the list of Pages in a number of different ways. The default setting is sort alphabetically by Page title.

'post_title' - Sort Pages alphabetically (by title) - default
'menu_order' - Sort Pages by Page Order. N.B. Note the difference between Page Order and Page ID. The Page ID is a unique number assigned by WordPress to every post or page. The Page Order can be set by the user in the Write>Pages administrative panel. See the [[WordPress:#List Pages by Page Order|example]] below.
'post_date' - Sort by creation time.
'post_modified' - Sort by time last modified.
'ID' - Sort by numeric Page ID.
'post_author' - Sort by the Page author's numeric ID.
'post_name' - Sort alphabetically by Post slug.

Note: The sort_column parameter can be used to sort the list of Pages by the descriptor of any field in the wp_post table of the WordPress database. Some useful examples are listed here.

sort_order (string)

Change the sort order of the list of Pages (either ascending or descending). The default is ascending. Valid values:

'asc' - Sort from lowest to highest (Default).
'desc' - Sort from highest to lowest.

exclude (string): Define a comma-separated list of Page IDs to be excluded from the list (example: 'exclude=3,7,31'). There is no default value. See the [[WordPress:#Exclude Pages from List|Exclude Pages from List]] example below.

include (string): Only include certain Pages in the list generated by wp_list_pages. Like exclude, this parameter takes a comma-separated list of Page IDs. There is no default value. See the [[WordPress:#Include Pages in List|Include Pages in List]] example below.

depth (integer)

This parameter controls how many levels in the hierarchy of pages are to be included in the list generated by wp_list_pages. The default value is 0 (display all pages, including all sub-pages).

0 - Pages and sub-pages displayed in hierarchical (indented) form (Default).
-1 - Pages in sub-pages displayed in flat (no indent) form.
1 - Show only top level Pages
2 - Value of 2 (or greater) specifies the depth (or level) to descend in displaying Pages.

child_of (integer): Displays the sub-pages of a single Page only; uses the ID for a Page as the value. Defaults to 0 (displays all Pages).

show_date (string)

Display creation or last modified date next to each Page. The default value is the null value (do not display dates). Valid values:

'' - Display no date (Default).
'modified' - Display the date last modified.
'xxx' - Any value other than modified displays the date (post_date) the Page was first created. See the [[WordPress:#Sort Pages by Post Date|example]] below.

date_format (string): Controls the format of the Page date set by the show_date parameter (example: "l, F j, Y"). This parameter defaults to the date format configured in your WordPress options. See WordPress:Formatting Date and Time and the date format page on the php web site.

title_li (string): Set the text and style of the Page list's heading. Defaults to '__('Pages')', which displays "Pages" (the __('') is used for localization purposes). If passed a null or empty value (''), no heading is displayed, and the list will not be wrapped with <ul>, </ul> tags. See the example for [[WordPress:#Hiding or Changing the List Heading|Headings]].

echo (boolean)

Toggles the display of the generated list of links or return the list as an HTML text string to be used in PHP. The default value is 1 (display the generated list items). Valid values:

1 (true) - default
0 (false)

hierarchical

(boolean) Display sub-Pages in an indented manner below their parent or list the Pages inline. The default is true (display sub-Pages indented below the parent list item). Valid values:

1 (true) - default
0 (false)

meta_key: (string) Only include the Pages that have this Custom Field Key (use in conjunction with the meta_value field).
meta_value: (string) Only include the Pages that have this Custom Field Value (use in conjuntion with the meta_key field).

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